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Architecture with all its varying phases and complex developments must have had a simple origin in the primitive efforts of mankind to provide protection against inclement weather, wild beats and human enemies. Hunters and fishermen sought shelter in rock caves while shepherds would lie down under coverings of skins which only had to be raised on posts to form tents. In fact these primitive dwellings of man were the natural prototypes or gems of later Architectural developments. Ancient Architectural Education was carried out informally through apprentice system. As new advancements were made in Engineering, the traditional technology was challenged; the adoption of specialistic engineering necessitated the specialisation of modern building designs. In India formal education in modern Architecture started in 1894 at J.J.School of Arts, Bombay. In those days seats were reserved in this institution for students from Japan, Indo-China (now Cambodia and Vietnams), Thailand, Philippines, Burma and Ceylon (Sri Lanka). In Kerala Kerala is very famous for its architecture from historical times. Many historians believe that quite a few old treaties on Vastushastra written in Sanskrit originated here. Architectural education was carried out informally, mostly handled down through families and castes. The department of Architecture at College of Engineering, Thiruvananthapuram, started in September 1964. Curriculam The
curriculam in Architecture contains a well balanced programme of
general and technical training. I. Civil Engineering subjects 1.Surveying 2. Theory of Structure 3. Building Construction and materials 4. Building Drawing and Estimation 5. Electrical and Sanitation 6. Specification of materials and workmanship. II. Related Specialised Subjects 1.Town Planning-Principles of governing the layout of Towns (Satellite towns, Housing Township, Industrial township) small cities, Metropolitan Cities etc. Detailed study of master plan, plan, Road patterns, Segregation of Traffic, Zoning, Boulevards, Ribbon Development, Greenbelt, Cul-de-Sac, openspaces, parkways, Car parkings etc. 2. Acoustics (Science of sound waves) The study of this subject helps the students to understand the acoustical effects such as echoes, reverberation etc. and the remedies for such problems during the design period itself particularly for designing auditoriums, conference hall, theatres, concert halls, churches etc. The syllabus includes the study of sound absorption, sound isolation, sound transmission, reflection and diffusion of noise control, Ideal conditions for good hearing etc. 3.Landscape Architecture-Design of gardens, parks, lawns, hedges, shrubs, traditional arrangement laying stone paths, bamboo fences, stone bridges, stone lanterns, Japanies tea bridges, Chinese pergollas, crazy pavements, wall gardens, rockeries, terrace gardens etc. 4.Climatology-The building shall be suitably oriented to the climatic conditions of the place i.e. movement of the sun, direction of the prevailing winds and rains etc. III Professional subjects 1 Building bye-laws 2. Valuation 3. Professional Practice 4. Humanities and applied Sociology. 5. Building Economics 6. Computer Programming V.Architectural Design This is the backbone of the Architectural curriculam. Acqusition of design skill has to be developed after studying functions of building, space articulation, grouping of buildings and communities. This subject is divided in to 4 parts 1. Area planning: During the designing process the building is divided in to different areas according to each functions. A school would be divided in to such areas as the administrative, classrooms, service and physical activity areas. A hospital would be divided in to administrative, wards / rooms, consulting rooms, surgical suits and service areas. In the same way residence is divided into three major areas for different purposes: the living area (living rooms, study and family rooms, dining), the service area (kitchen, work area) and sleeping area (bedrooms) 2.Basic Plans: The general design of a building is interpreted through several basic plans. Floor plans show the arrangement of the rooms. Elevations, graphically describe the external designs. Pictorial drawings (Perspective and birds eye view etc.) are prepared to show how the structure will appear when complete. 3.Technical Plans: Covers detailed descriptions of sectional drawings, foundation plans, framing plans, structural plans, Services plans (Electrical, Plumbing and Air conditioning Digrames) and modular construction plans. 4.Creative design: This is organized to provide the students with an opportunity to express their creativity in the application of the fundamental principles, concepts, skills and ideas, on styles, shapes, components, form, space, texture, rhythm, variety etc. In the final year/semister a project report on a selected thesis is to be prepared like any other engineering branch. Job opportunities: In 1972 the Indian parliament passed the Architect's bill which stipulates that only an Architect could submit the plans to corporations/Municipalities for approval. At present it is insisted in New Delhi, Bombay and Calcutta. In these cities, even highly qualified engineers are not allowed to submit the plans. Gradually it will be enacted in all corporations and Municipalities all over India. Besides private practice and jobs in private organsations of building industry, an Architect is eligible to get jobs in Government establishments like town planning, P.W.D. defence, Railways, P&T, Housing boards, City development authority etc. thus a very wide and lucrative field is waiting for the future Architects. Where to Study In India there are 108 Colleges (Approved by the council of Architecture) which are conducting 5 years B. Arch course. Colleges in Kerala: 1. College of Engineering, Thiruvananthapuram 2. Regional Engineering College, Calicut 3. T.K.M. College of Engineering, Kollam 4. M.E.S. College of Engineering, Kuttippuram Courtesy
: Architect K.T.George Kochupurackal |
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